What is computer generation?
The evolution of Computers has been divided into five generations.
First Generation: The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuits
and magnetic drums for memory. They were extremely large as a size of a room.
Second Generation: In 1960s, in second generation, vacuum tubes were replaced
by transistors. Now computers were smaller, faster, and reliable.
Third Generation: In third generation computer Integrate Circuits (IC) were
used. Now computer were smaller in size, and were working faster than second
generation computers.
Fourth Generation: In fourth generation microprocessor has been used. A microprocessor
is an integrated chip on which the entire Central Unit and ALU (CPU ) is
fabricated.
Fifth Generation: The fifth generation computer is in development stage. This computer
would be like human being (robots) Artificial Intelligence (AI) based and it
will take decision itself.
Other Topic of this Chapter
What are the categories of computers?
Computer is a machine not like bike or car, but an electronic machine, which works with electricity and perform many tasks.
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| Type of Computers |
According to Purpose:
Analog Computer:
These computer measures continuous changeable
physical quantities like weight, temperature, or speed. These computers need
constant input supply to give output. For example, Thermometer, Speedometer.
Digital Computer:
These computers use digits (0s & 1s,
binary number) to complete a task and give results. These computers give accurate
results. Desktop, Laptop, and Smartphone are the application of digital
computer.
Part - A
Chapter 1 – Communication Skills
Chapter 2 –Self - Management Skills
Chapter 3– Basic ICT Skills
Chapter 4 - Entrepreneurial Skills
Chapter 5 –Green Skills
Part - B
Chapter 1 – Introduction to AI
Chapter 2– AI Project Cycle
Chapter 3 – Advance Python
Chapter 4 – Data Sciences
Chapter 5 – Computer Vision
Chapter 6 – Natural Language Processing
Chapter 7 – Evaluation
Hybrid Computer:
This computer is the combination of both
analog and digital computer. These computers take analog signal as a input and
give digital results. These computers are generally used in research and in
hospital.
According to Size:
Micro Computer:
These computers are also called personal
computer which are made of input device, output device, Primary memory,
Secondary memory, and Central Processing Unit (CPU). There are different types
of micro computers,
Desktop: These computers are designed for home and office use.
Laptop: These are portable computer which we can carry anywhere and give three
hours battery backup.
Tablet: These are the combination of phone and laptop which are the size of a
notebook and touch based system.
Smartphone: These are phone which provide additional feature which are given in
laptop or in a desktop.
Mini Computers:
Minicomputers
are bigger than microcomputers, but they are more powerful in term of
processing speed. They can support many users at same time on same
computer. It means they provides multiple-users environment. It is
mainly manufactured for commercial applications. For example: Business
transaction, Database management.
Mainframe Computer:
Mainframe Computers are huge computers which cover entire room. They can store large amount of information, and can perform multitasking with several users working on it. Mainframe computers have many terminals attached with it. It is mainly manufactured for commercial applications. For example: banking, health care, and government.
Super Computer:
A super computer has large number of processors. On the other hand a micro computer has one processor. These processors can perform a complex scientific calculation in a second. A calculation performed by a personal computer in a three weeks, can be completed in a minutes by a super computer. These computers are generally used for scientific research, weather forecasting, and satellite control.
Embedded Computer:
An embedded computer is processor base system which is designed to perform specific tasks. These computers are embedded in a machine. After embedding computers those machines run automatically. For example: Digital Camera, Microwave.
Explain hardware and software with examples.
OR
What is the difference between software and hardware?
OR
Introduction to computer hardware and software.
Computer Hardware:In computer all physical things Which have following properties are called computer hardware:
1) We can see.
2) We can touch.
3) Which is breakable.
4) Which cover space.
5) Which has shape.
For example Keyboard, Mouse, Speaker.
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| Computer Hardware and Software |
Computer Software is a set of instructions which runs on a computer. Without software computer is useless. Software is the interface between Computer Hardware and users. For example: Window 10, MS Word
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