What is software?
Computer
Software is a set of instructions which runs on a computer. Without
software computer is useless. Software is the interface between Computer
Hardware and users.
Types of software:
There are three types of software.
Types of software:
There are three types of software.
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| Types of Software |
1) Application Software: Software which are developed for specific task, are called application software. These software directly help users. For example: MS Word (for typing) , MS Paint (for Painting)
2) System Software: These software are used to manage computer parts like mouse, Keyboard, CPU, Monitor, Hard disc. This software indirectly helps users. For example: Window 11, Linux, and Android.
3) Utility Software: These software help other software like system software, application software to improve their performance. For example: Antivirus (removes viruses), Backup software (take keeps backup)
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Class 11 CS Chapter - Computer System
- Computer Generation, Categories
- Computer Hardware
- Computer Software
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What are main functions of an operating system?
These are the six functions of OS (operating system):
1) Memory Management: OS manages the computer memory like Hard disc partition, sharing memory in processing, and saving files, software.
2) Process Management: OS handles multiple operations, so it seems computer running multiple software at same time.
3) Device Management: OS controls input device, output device, and CPU. If any device malfunction, OS gives warning message to user.
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| Functions of Operating System |
4) Security Management:
OS works as a security guard against any threat. It creates
administrator, standard, and guest accounts, so stranger can’t control a
computer. It provides firewall securities against viruses.
5) File Management:
OS helps to save, delete, and rename files in hard disc. It also
provides disc cleanup, disc de-fragmentation, and backup services.
6) User Interface:
OS works as an interface between user and computer. It helps to install
and uninstall software and without OS, application software doesn’t
work on computer.
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Class 9 IT (402) Solution
Part - A
Part - B
Chapter 1 – Introduction to IT - ITeS Industries
Chapter 2– Data Entry & Keyboard Skills
Chapter 3 – Digital Documentation
Chapter 4 – Electronic Spreadsheet
Chapter 5 – Electronic Presentation
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What are the different types of operating system?
According to user interface, number of users, and processing bases OS (operating system) can be divided into four categories.
According to Number of users
1) Single User: A single user OS gives access to a single user at a time. For example MS- DOS
2) Multiple Users: Some OS provides access to hundreds or thousands users at a same time on a network to share software or hardware. For example: Linux, Unix
According to CPU Processing
1) Single Processing: This OS executes single task at a time on a single CPU.
2) Multiple Processing: This type of OS executes multiple tasks simultaneously on a single or multiple CPUs.
According to User Interface
1) CUI: In CUI (character user interface) user gives commands in text at command prompt (c:\dir>). CUI doesn’t provide any graphical interface to give instructions to a computer. CUI isn’t user friendly interface because hundreds to commands needs to be remembered to give instructions to a computer. For example: MS-DOS
2) GUI: In GUI (graphical user interface) user gets graphical interface like button, icon, and mouse point to give instructions to a computer. GUI is a user friendly interface which is easy to give instructions to a computer.
According to Time Sharing
1) Real Time: Real Time OS gets instructions from input devices and responses at same time. For example: traffic signal, ATM
2) Distributed: In distributed OS multiple tasks are carried out in multiple computer by sharing different locations in a network and user thinks he is working on a single computer.
3) Time Sharing: Time sharing OS allows user to work on multiple applications by switching among them. The switching occurs so frequently that the user thinks he is working on all applications at same time.
According to Number of users
1) Single User: A single user OS gives access to a single user at a time. For example MS- DOS
2) Multiple Users: Some OS provides access to hundreds or thousands users at a same time on a network to share software or hardware. For example: Linux, Unix
According to CPU Processing
1) Single Processing: This OS executes single task at a time on a single CPU.
2) Multiple Processing: This type of OS executes multiple tasks simultaneously on a single or multiple CPUs.
According to User Interface
1) CUI: In CUI (character user interface) user gives commands in text at command prompt (c:\dir>). CUI doesn’t provide any graphical interface to give instructions to a computer. CUI isn’t user friendly interface because hundreds to commands needs to be remembered to give instructions to a computer. For example: MS-DOS
2) GUI: In GUI (graphical user interface) user gets graphical interface like button, icon, and mouse point to give instructions to a computer. GUI is a user friendly interface which is easy to give instructions to a computer.
According to Time Sharing
1) Real Time: Real Time OS gets instructions from input devices and responses at same time. For example: traffic signal, ATM
2) Distributed: In distributed OS multiple tasks are carried out in multiple computer by sharing different locations in a network and user thinks he is working on a single computer.
3) Time Sharing: Time sharing OS allows user to work on multiple applications by switching among them. The switching occurs so frequently that the user thinks he is working on all applications at same time.
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What is computer memory?
A computer memory is a device which is used to save data for future purpose. There are two types of computer memory:
1) Primary Memory: Primary memory is important to run a computer, so without primary memory computer doesn't work. It is placed inside the computer, so it is also called Internal Memory. For example: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory)
2) Secondary Memory: Secondary Memory is used to save data for future reuse. It is placed outside the computer, so it is also called External Memory. For example: PD (Pen Drive), CD (Compact Disc), HD (Hard Disc)
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| Type of Computer Memory |
1) Primary Memory: Primary memory is important to run a computer, so without primary memory computer doesn't work. It is placed inside the computer, so it is also called Internal Memory. For example: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory)
2) Secondary Memory: Secondary Memory is used to save data for future reuse. It is placed outside the computer, so it is also called External Memory. For example: PD (Pen Drive), CD (Compact Disc), HD (Hard Disc)
Computer Memory Units:
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| Computer Memory Units |
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